Here are some decent layouts I’ve encountered if they can serve as inspiration.
In general, for home base layouts, up until Enlightenment or Industrial eras, focus primarily on protecting your resources, not your town center. Also, in my opinion, asymmetrical layouts while a little more difficult to construct, are more effective in deterring raiders. Also, break your protected sections into as small as possible grouping 2-3 defensive structures with a resource building you want to protect.
These base layouts are all for home bases – we can follow it up with decent war base layouts.